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Английский язык - ответы часть 10
Упражнение 9226:
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Fashion1. The concept of fashion implies a process of style change, because fashions in dress, as well as in furniture and other objects, have taken very different forms at different times in history. Most people follow fashion to some extent, because fashion refers to much more than the haute couture, the exclusive and expensive clothing produced by leading designers. Even schoolchildren are aware that fashions exist. Nevertheless, we do tend to distinguish between basic clothing, such as blue jeans, parkas and T-shirts, and the latest trendy fashions created by fashion designers. Fashion reflects the society of which it is a part. It has been influenced by wars, conquests, laws, religion, and the arts. Individual personalities have also had an impact on fashion. Royalty and heads of states have set fashion, and in the 20th century media stars have emerged as leaders of fashion. French writer Anatole France said that if he could come back to Earth 100 years after his death and have only one thing to read, he would choose a fashion magazine because that would show him the way people lived.2. Fashion also has its critics, who have at times denounced fashion as irrational, frivolous, tyrannical, and immoral. Why should pink be in fashion one season and grey the next season? Why do people follow fashion like sheep when they have enough clothes already? A common accusation is that fashion designers accelerate fashion change to create new business. Yet no new fashion succeeds until people are ready to accept it. The final decision about what to buy, or whether to buy anything at all, belongs to the consumer. Ultimately, fashions change because many people like new and different styles.
Ответ:
 they prefer new and different styles 
 they want to have the exclusive and expensive clothes 
 they want to have an impact on it 
 they like to wear blue jeans and T-shirts 
Упражнение 9227:
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Fashion1. The concept of fashion implies a process of style change, because fashions in dress, as well as in furniture and other objects, have taken very different forms at different times in history. Most people follow fashion to some extent, because fashion refers to much more than the haute couture, the exclusive and expensive clothing produced by leading designers. Even schoolchildren are aware that fashions exist. Nevertheless, we do tend to distinguish between basic clothing, such as blue jeans, parkas and T-shirts, and the latest trendy fashions created by fashion designers. Fashion reflects the society of which it is a part. It has been influenced by wars, conquests, laws, religion, and the arts. Individual personalities have also had an impact on fashion. Royalty and heads of states have set fashion, and in the 20th century media stars have emerged as leaders of fashion. French writer Anatole France said that if he could come back to Earth 100 years after his death and have only one thing to read, he would choose a fashion magazine because that would show him the way people lived.2. Fashion also has its critics, who have at times denounced fashion as irrational, frivolous, tyrannical, and immoral. Why should pink be in fashion one season and grey the next season? Why do people follow fashion like sheep when they have enough clothes already? A common accusation is that fashion designers accelerate fashion change to create new business. Yet no new fashion succeeds until people are ready to accept it. The final decision about what to buy, or whether to buy anything at all, belongs to the consumer. Ultimately, fashions change because many people like new and different styles.
Ответ:
 Fashion is often criticized for its rapid change. 
 Fashion is considered to refer mostly to the haute couture. 
 Fashion is absolutely free from the influence of the society. 
 Most people think that fashion is frivolous and immoral. 
Упражнение 9228:
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Landmark Inventions of the Millennium1. The last 1,000 years have produced an incredible number and variety of scientific and technological breakthroughs – but which of these were the most important? Narrowing a list of the thousands of inventions made since the year 1000 to the ten greatest requires some exact criteria. The qualifying inventions either provided radically new ways to do an important job, or they made possible tasks that were previously unimagined. Their impact was felt, if not right away then eventually, by a large portion of humanity. These developments have made possible significant new technological innovations and scientific discoveries. And finally, they have had an enduring effect on the world.2. The inventions that meet these criteria, in chronological order, are the compass, the mechanical clock, the glass lens, the printing press, the steam engine, the telegraph, electric power, wireless communications, antibiotics, and the transistor. Missing from this list are many extremely significant technological advances, including the airplane, telephone, automobile, and computer. In many cases these inventions were omitted because they are based on earlier developments or breakthroughs.3. In considering the ten most significant inventions of the past 1,000 years, a subtle distinction must be made: the difference between «invention» and «discovery» is not as clear as one might think. A discovery can be as simple as the observation of a previously unnoticed phenomenon, while an invention is a human-devised machine, tool, or apparatus that did not previously exist.
Ответ:
 There are ten inventions which are considered to be the most significant ones of the Millennium. 
 The airplane and computer are included into the list of the most important inventions of the Millennium. 
 A human-devised machine, tool or apparatus that did not previously exist can be qualified as a discovery. 
 A lot of scientific and technological breakthroughs met the required criteria of the landmark inventions. 
Упражнение 9229:
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Landmark Inventions of the Millennium1. The last 1,000 years have produced an incredible number and variety of scientific and technological breakthroughs – but which of these were the most important? Narrowing a list of the thousands of inventions made since the year 1000 to the ten greatest requires some exact criteria. The qualifying inventions either provided radically new ways to do an important job, or they made possible tasks that were previously unimagined. Their impact was felt, if not right away then eventually, by a large portion of humanity. These developments have made possible significant new technological innovations and scientific discoveries. And finally, they have had an enduring effect on the world.2. The inventions that meet these criteria, in chronological order, are the compass, the mechanical clock, the glass lens, the printing press, the steam engine, the telegraph, electric power, wireless communications, antibiotics, and the transistor. Missing from this list are many extremely significant technological advances, including the airplane, telephone, automobile, and computer. In many cases these inventions were omitted because they are based on earlier developments or breakthroughs.3. In considering the ten most significant inventions of the past 1,000 years, a subtle distinction must be made: the difference between «invention» and «discovery» is not as clear as one might think. A discovery can be as simple as the observation of a previously unnoticed phenomenon, while an invention is a human-devised machine, tool, or apparatus that did not previously exist.
Ответ:
 The steam engine was. 
 The airplane was. 
 Automobile was. 
 Computer was. 
Упражнение 9230:
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Landmark Inventions of the Millennium1. The last 1,000 years have produced an incredible number and variety of scientific and technological breakthroughs – but which of these were the most important? Narrowing a list of the thousands of inventions made since the year 1000 to the ten greatest requires some exact criteria. The qualifying inventions either provided radically new ways to do an important job, or they made possible tasks that were previously unimagined. Their impact was felt, if not right away then eventually, by a large portion of humanity. These developments have made possible significant new technological innovations and scientific discoveries. And finally, they have had an enduring effect on the world.2. The inventions that meet these criteria, in chronological order, are the compass, the mechanical clock, the glass lens, the printing press, the steam engine, the telegraph, electric power, wireless communications, antibiotics, and the transistor. Missing from this list are many extremely significant technological advances, including the airplane, telephone, automobile, and computer. In many cases these inventions were omitted because they are based on earlier developments or breakthroughs.3. In considering the ten most significant inventions of the past 1,000 years, a subtle distinction must be made: the difference between «invention» and «discovery» is not as clear as one might think. A discovery can be as simple as the observation of a previously unnoticed phenomenon, while an invention is a human-devised machine, tool, or apparatus that did not previously exist.
Ответ:
 makes possible significant innovations and discoveries 
 is based on earlier developments or breakthroughs 
 is a simple observation of a previously unnoticed phenomenon 
 is an invention of the past 1,000 years 
Упражнение 9231:
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Renaissance1. Renaissance, literally «rebirth», is the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, traditionally held to have been characterized by a rise of interest in classical learning and values. The Renaissance also witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the substitution of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce, and the invention or application of such potentially powerful innovations as paper, printing, the mariner’s compass,and gunpowder. To the scholars and thinkers of the day, however, it was primarily a time of the revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation.2. The term Middle Ages was coined by scholars in the 15th century to designate the interval between the downfall of the classical world of Greece and Rome and its rediscovery at the beginning of their own century, a revival in which they felt they were participating. Indeed, the notion of a long period of cultural darkness had been expressed by Petrarch even earlier. Events at the end of the Middle Ages, particularly beginning in the 12th century, caused a series of social, political, and intellectual transformations that culminated in the Renaissance. These included the increasing failure of the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire to provide a stable and unifying framework for the organization of spiritual and material life, the rise in importance of city-states and national monarchies, the development of national languages, and the breakup of the old feudal structures.
Ответ:
 The period of time between the downfall of the classical world of Greece and Rome and its rediscovery at the beginning of the 15th century is called the Middle Ages. 
 The period of time characterized by the rise of interest in classical learning and values, the development of national languages is called the Middle Ages. 
 The period of time when the Copernican system of astronomy was substituted for the Ptolemaic system, and many important discoveries were made is called the Middle Ages. 
 The period of time when the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire lost their influence over the organization of spiritual and material life is called the Middle Ages. 
Упражнение 9232:
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Renaissance1. Renaissance, literally «rebirth», is the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, traditionally held to have been characterized by a rise of interest in classical learning and values. The Renaissance also witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the substitution of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce, and the invention or application of such potentially powerful innovations as paper, printing, the mariner’s compass,and gunpowder. To the scholars and thinkers of the day, however, it was primarily a time of the revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation.2. The term Middle Ages was coined by scholars in the 15th century to designate the interval between the downfall of the classical world of Greece and Rome and its rediscovery at the beginning of their own century, a revival in which they felt they were participating. Indeed, the notion of a long period of cultural darkness had been expressed by Petrarch even earlier. Events at the end of the Middle Ages, particularly beginning in the 12th century, caused a series of social, political, and intellectual transformations that culminated in the Renaissance. These included the increasing failure of the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire to provide a stable and unifying framework for the organization of spiritual and material life, the rise in importance of city-states and national monarchies, the development of national languages, and the breakup of the old feudal structures.
Ответ:
 The Renaissance is the period of the culmination of great social, political and intellectual changes in European civilization. 
 Powerful innovations, such as paper, printing, the mariner’s compass, and gunpowder were invented or applied in the Renaissance. 
 The Renaissance is characterized by a rise of interest in classical learning and values in European civilization. 
 The Renaissance witnessed the increasing role of city-states and national monarchies and the breakup of the old feudal structures. 
Упражнение 9233:
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Renaissance1. Renaissance, literally «rebirth», is the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, traditionally held to have been characterized by a rise of interest in classical learning and values. The Renaissance also witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the substitution of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce, and the invention or application of such potentially powerful innovations as paper, printing, the mariner’s compass,and gunpowder. To the scholars and thinkers of the day, however, it was primarily a time of the revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation.2. The term Middle Ages was coined by scholars in the 15th century to designate the interval between the downfall of the classical world of Greece and Rome and its rediscovery at the beginning of their own century, a revival in which they felt they were participating. Indeed, the notion of a long period of cultural darkness had been expressed by Petrarch even earlier. Events at the end of the Middle Ages, particularly beginning in the 12th century, caused a series of social, political, and intellectual transformations that culminated in the Renaissance. These included the increasing failure of the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire to provide a stable and unifying framework for the organization of spiritual and material life, the rise in importance of city-states and national monarchies, the development of national languages, and the breakup of the old feudal structures.
Ответ:
 The Renaissance is the revival of European civilization at the beginning of the 15th century. 
 The Middle Ages is the period of the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce in Europe. 
 The scholars and thinkers of the 15th century stated that they lived at the time of cultural decline and stagnation. 
 The long period of cultural darkness in European civilization is associated with the Renaissance. 
Упражнение 9234:
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Renaissance1. Renaissance, literally «rebirth», is the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, traditionally held to have been characterized by a rise of interest in classical learning and values. The Renaissance also witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the substitution of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce, and the invention or application of such potentially powerful innovations as paper, printing, the mariner’s compass,and gunpowder. To the scholars and thinkers of the day, however, it was primarily a time of the revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation.2. The term Middle Ages was coined by scholars in the 15th century to designate the interval between the downfall of the classical world of Greece and Rome and its rediscovery at the beginning of their own century, a revival in which they felt they were participating. Indeed, the notion of a long period of cultural darkness had been expressed by Petrarch even earlier. Events at the end of the Middle Ages, particularly beginning in the 12th century, caused a series of social, political, and intellectual transformations that culminated in the Renaissance. These included the increasing failure of the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire to provide a stable and unifying framework for the organization of spiritual and material life, the rise in importance of city-states and national monarchies, the development of national languages, and the breakup of the old feudal structures.
Ответ:
 discovery and exploration of new continents 
 rediscovery of the classical world of Greece and Rome 
 invention of paper and gunpowder 
 revival of classical learning and wisdom 
Упражнение 9235:
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Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке.
Ответ:
 46 Thomas Drive 
 Deptford, Essex SD7 OTX 
 10 June, 2010 
 Mr. P. Daley 
 Deptford, Essex SD7 DJ6 
 Dear Mr. Daley, 
 I would like to apply for the position of the Public Affairs Associate which you advertised in the International Herald Tribune of August 4. 
 Sincerely yours 
 Patricia Smith 
Упражнение 9236:
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Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке.
Ответ:
 41 Rose Street 
 Grange, ND 44344 
 15 September 2010 
 Open University 
 300 North Boulevard 
 Greenville, ND 44444 
 Dear Sir or Madam, 
 Please send me a brochure on your open university and an application form. I am interested in classical languages. 
 Thank you in advance, 
 Florence White 
Упражнение 9237:
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Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке.
Ответ:
 NORP 
 Freeport High School 
 Freeport, VT 66622 
 October 24, 2002 
 Ms Iva Stravinsky 
 Attorney-at-Law 
 200 Center Street 
 Freeport, VT 66622 
 Dear Ms Stravinsky: 
 Thank you for the wonderful lecture on «Proposed Changes in the Financing of Medicare». The membership and I appreciate your contribution to our club. 
 Yours truly, 
 Henry Purcell 
 President 
Упражнение 9238:
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Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке.
Ответ:
 Mrs J.H. Harris 
 Rockford Arms Hotel 
 Rockford, CO 33322 
 September 15, 2005 
 Enjoy Travel, Inc 
 Fifth Avenue 
 Greenburg, VT 11111 
 Attention: World Travel Reservations 
 Please reserve one seat on your Around-the-World tour leaving Greenburg on March 30, returning My 30. I am enclosing a down payment of $500.00 (five hundred dollars) by personal check. 
 Yours truly, 
 Mrs J.H. Harris 
Упражнение 9239:
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Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке.
Ответ:
 30 Empire Drive 
 Manchester M6 2PQ 
 8 March 2008 
 Mr Davis 
 Assistant manager 
 Transworld Frieght 
 74 Dockside 
 Manchester M12 7BJ 
 Dear Mr Davis, 
 I saw your advertisement for an Export manager in the Daily herald of 7 March and I would like to apply for the position. 
 Yours sincerely, 
 Geoffrey Andrews 
Упражнение 9240:
Номер
Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке.
Ответ:
 Thomas R. Hood Associates 
 Fourth and Pine Streets 
 Los Angeles, CA 88888 
 September 22, 2009 
 ABC Corporation 
 132 Long Street 
 Cottown, CA 88668 
 Dear Sir: 
 This is to acknowledge receipt of the housing contract that I requested. 
 Yours truly, 
 Thomas R. Hood 
Упражнение 9241:
Номер
Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке.
Ответ:
 RockwayApartments 
 Northtown, MI 22221 
 10 October 2008 
 Dept. Of English 
 Idaho State College 
 Boise, ID 99999 
 Dear Prof. Green: 
 Thank you for your invitation to the conference. We appreciate your care and consideration. 
 Yours sincerely, 
 A. Springer 
Упражнение 9242:
Номер
Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке.
Ответ:
 Blanc Apt. 406 
 Geneva, Switzerland 
 10 September 2008 
 Registrar’s Office 
 State University 
 Littleton, SD 55555 
 Dear Registrar: 
 I am a student of microbiology in Geneva, Switzerland. I would like to apply for entrance to your university. Would you please send me an application form and information on your university. 
 Yours truly, 
 Renee Martin 
Упражнение 9243:
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Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке.
Ответ:
 87 Broad Street North 
 Dry Gulch, NM 55555 
 2 September 2009 
 XYZ Book Company 
 Sunrise Boulevard 
 Riverton, MI 44445 
 Dear Sir or Madam, 
 I would like to order the following books in cloth or hardback. Would you please send me the list prices and shipping costs as soon as possible? 
 Thank you, 
 Sue Allen Appleton